This is especially important in order to level the playing field in a country where so many children live in poverty or who are English language learners. High-quality, universal pre-kindergarten programs have been shown to provide children with developmentally appropriate instruction that serves to build pre-reading, pre-numeracy, and pre-writing skills necessary for future school success.
The most effective way to prevent poor academic outcomes is to provide quality early intervention. Many alternatives have been developed and implemented throughout the years, but the true solution to this problem lies in prevention. Educators and policymakers have an obligation to develop a variety of alternatives to retention. Not only has the research on grade retention clearly established its ineffectiveness, it has also confirmed its harmfulness. Despite NCLB's emphasis on the use of evidence-based practices to improve students' achievement, it explicitly recommends grade retention as an intervention for low performing students, resulting in increased numbers of retained students in the past decade. Nevertheless, it wasn’t until the advent of modern medicine, and the decline of apothecaries, that mithridate and theriac went out of fashion and slipped into history.The No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) has ushered in an era of increased accountability and assumed universal proficiency at a time when there is significant variability in children's abilities as they enter kindergarten. The potion was used against the Black Plague – unsuccessfully, obviously – and it kept picking up more ingredients: honey, opium, ground up vipers…Īs far as I can tell these potions never actually worked, except accidentally. Under the name theriac, also known as Venice treacle, its use spread along the Silk Road as far as India and China.
It was the most expensive and in-demand medicine in Europe. Mithridate really took off in the Middle Ages. And rather than a potion that would build up a tolerance to poison, Mithridate became known as the potion that could neutralise any poison. John’s wort, various gum resins, turpentine, saffron, rose leaves, and much more. By the time of Galen (the famous medical researcher and personal physician of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus) the concoction included frankincense, myrrh, parsley, cinnamon, ginger, poppy, rockfoil, St. As the recipe was passed down it kept picking up new ingredients. It became a medicine for the emperors of Rome, from Julius Caesar to Nero to Marcus Aurelius. The recipe of this potion – now called Mithridate or Mithridatum – was reportedly taken back to Rome by Pompey. It was so effective that when the time came to poison himself it had no effect – Mithridates had to ask an officer to stab him instead. Yes, pretty much “I spent the last few years building up an immunity to iocane powder.” Except that Mithridates supposedly took this to the extreme, creating a potion that was a combination of dozens of different substances. Mithridates’ father died by poison, so the new king had begun taking small doses of poison to build up a tolerance against them.
THE UNIVERSAL ANTIDOTE SERIES
He engaged in a series of wars with Rome, many of which were successful, but following a major loss to the Roman general Pompey he tried to poison himself. Mithridates was a king of Pontus and Lesser Armenia (parts of modern Turkey and the land surrounding the Black Sea) around the last years of the Roman Republic. Jebulon, Public domain, via Wikimedia CommonsĪt the start of this year when writing about poison damsels and mad honey I promised a post on the potion of Mithridates… so here it is.
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